BENEFITS OF THE NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE Essay Example For Students

Advantages OF THE NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE Essay Englands first since forever National Minimum Wage (NMW) comes into power this April at a pace of 3.60 an hour for those matured 22 or more and 3.00 an hour for 18-multi year olds. As indicated by Professor David Metcalf, writing in the February Economic Journal, the NMW will support the compensation of about 2,000,000 workers by 30% all things considered. A large portion of the individuals who will profit are female, low maintenance laborers. Metcalf gauges that the NMW will have the accompanying effect on the circulation of salary, work and exchequer funds: o Concentrating on working families, right around 66% of the increases from the NMW will accumulate to families in the base fifth of the salary dissemination o The exchange affiliations speaking to retailing and friendliness which utilize right around a portion of those influenced by the NMW have invited the degree of the NMW, so we can be sensibly sure that the 3.60 an hour rate won't adversy affect occupations. o The NMW will have a comprehensively nonpartisan impact on exchequer accounts. On the spending side, any reserve funds on implies tried advantages will presumably be balanced by a little ascent in the open cover tab and higher charges for things like security and cleaning. On the income side, personal expense and VAT will rise, yet it is conceivable that this will be somewhat counterbalanced by a fall in organization charge. Metcalf, who is an individual from the nine-in number Low Pay Commission (LPC) that consistently prescribed the rate to the legislature, portrays the activity of the LPC, the significant discussions and the plausible effect of the NMW on swelling, business and family salary conveyance. He takes note of that from its foundation in July 1997 to its Report a year later, the LPC occupied with an open discussion process. Composed proof was gotten from around 500 associations and formal oral proof was taken from 47 delegate gatherings of managers, associations and weight gatherings. The LPC visited 61 urban areas, towns and towns over the UK and held more than 200 straight to the point, open gatherings during such visits. Margaret Beckett, at that point Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, portrayed the LPC as a model type of social association. Notwithstanding the proof picked up during these visits around the nation, three primary variables affected the decision of the NMW: o The old piecemeal arrangement of the lowest pay permitted by law security the Wage Councils abrogated in 1993 gave a benchmark to the NMW on the grounds that there was no proof that the base rates they set prompted work misfortunes. o International proof on rates and inclusion high in France and lower in the United States, for instance gave supportive comparators. o The expense and inclusion were essential. The Bank of England and the Treasury positively needed the expense to be under 1% of the national compensation bill (in the occasion, it is 0.6%) and global proof highlighted a maximum breaking point on inclusion of around 10% (the out-turn is 9%). A lower youth rate was the most disputable issue talked about and suggested by the LPC. It was felt that adolescents lower profitability and higher joblessness advocated a lower NMW. From April, this applies to those matured 18-21 (16 and multi year olds are totally absolved) yet the LPC have been approached to choose whether, from 2000, those matured 21 ought to be paid the grown-up or youth rate. Toward the start of this century, Harold Spender contended for a plimsoll line for work just as boats a line to restrain the degree of danger and enduring to which a laborer is to be at risk. As the century closes, Metcalf notes, British workers have finally accomplished that plimsoll line. .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .postImageUrl , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:hover , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:visited , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:active { border:0!important; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:active , .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feea d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6cc65d0284215e5acaf048a4a16feead:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: 1984 versus Brave New World EssayNote for Editors: The Low Pay Commission and the National Minimum Wage by David Metcalf is distributed in the February 1999 issue of the Economic Journal. Educator Metcalf is Deputy Director of the Center for Economic Performance (CEP) at the London School of Economics; and an individual from the Low Pay Commission, a legal body accused of suggesting and assessing the NMW. Its first Report was The National Minimum Wage, CM3976, June 1998. contentions for the national the lowest pay permitted by law The fundamental point is to lessen neediness and to .

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

World Religions - Essay Example uism, Jainism, and Buddhism allude to the idea of karma in their main convictions, however the importance of karma presents some various highlights in the element of this religions and societies. It is critical to make reference to that there are various dissimilar and comparative component in the ideas of karma with respect to this specific religions. It is fascinating to explore the idiosyncrasies every one of them and comprehend is essential highlights. Hinduism is viewed as across the board religion of South Asian individuals and karma is viewed as one of the important thoughts in this specific conviction (Smith, n.p.). The word itself alludes to the Vedic writings with the essential importance â€Å"ritual activity or labor† (Smith, n.p.). The issue is that custom of work has a place with â€Å"the development of a strictly suitable self† (Smith, n.p.). To such expand the thought of activity surmises a few results in the present and future to the specific individual. Jainism speaks to karma as the â€Å"net of our past choices† that makes the experience of the current second (Long, 84). Thusly, our present decisions produce the future conditions of our reality (Long, 84). It is essential to make reference to that as per Jainism convictions we as a whole make the universe with proposing our decisions in an aggregate structure (Long, 84). Kama comprise of people’s psyche, discourse and body that surmises his/her procedures. What is more karma is viewed as a theoretical substance that encompasses the spirit and people’s cognizance. In the component of Buddhism karma above all else alludes to the people’s goals as they are viewed as the head triggers of people’s activities and procedures (Jã ¼rgensmeyer, 70). Goal is viewed as a â€Å"essential component in moral choice making† as indicated by Buddhism religion (Jã ¼rgensmeyer, 70). That is the reason they develop an essential idea of karma in this specific case. What is pertinent to make reference to is one major similitude concerning this

Celebrities Doing the Write Thing A Celebrity Book Deal Round-Up

Celebrities Doing the Write Thing A Celebrity Book Deal Round-Up Every time you turn around lately, it seems like another celebrity gets a book deal. Celebrity memoirs basically built my wheelhouse, so Im always excited at celebrity book deal news. This year, it looks like many celebrities-turned-writers are breaking out from the memoir trend and exploring a variety of creative book projects. But dont worrytheres still plenty up on the memoir docket, as well. To help make it a little easier to keep track, heres a roundup of some of the celebs whove recently announced theyre writing a book. 1. Rachel Bloom Rachel Bloom is the co-creator and star of hit musical comedy, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (which I have 100% binge-watched). According to Entertainment Weekly, the book will be more than pure memoir. Instead, its described as a hodgepodge of personal essays, fictional stories, poems, and more. I dont know about you, but I am so here for more awkward, relateable stories from Rachel Bloom. So far, theres no specific release date, but the book is tentatively expected to come out sometime in Spring 2019. 2. Krysten Ritter Fans of Jessica Jones probably wont be shocked to learn that Ritters debut novel will be a psychological thriller. According to Entertainment Weekly, the novel, titled Bonfire, will follow an environmental lawyer who returns to her hometown to investigate a local company. Sounds like a perfect book to curl up with when youre in the mood for something a little sinister. The book is set to release on November 7th, 2017. 3. Kelly Osbourne I definitely missed hearing about this book deal, and now were almost to the book release. There is No F*cking Secret: Letters from a Badass Bitch is the title of Osbournes forthcoming memoir, set to release April 25th, 2017. It will deal with issues surrounding her mothers illness, her fathers drug abuse, and her own struggles with addiction. 4. Willow Smith Willows production company, MSFTS, has optioned the right to create an animated series based on Menancholy, a book proposal written by Smith herself. According to Dazed, she plans to write the full-length book, as well as produce the animated series. Smith says the book is about Menen-Nin Khali, a girl who can see into her past life, and will take place somewhere called The Mystery School. So far, there dont seem to be any further details on when the book/animated series will be released. 5. Anna Faris Faris, whose popular podcast Anna Faris is Unqualified has been going for two years steady, is now writing a similarly-titled memoir, Unqualified. Like many of the best celebrity memoirs, it will cover her awkward teenage years up through the start of her success in Hollywood films. According to Entertainment Weekly,  Unqualified  will also include life advice similar to what Faris provides on her podcast. The book is set to release October 25th. Ill definitely be adding this, and her podcast, to my list of things I need to invest time in. Finally, I would be remiss if I didnt also nod to another branch of celebrity thats getting bookifiedboth the Obamas and the Bidens have signed joint book deals, ensuring us books from Michelle Obama, Barack Obama, Joe Biden, and Jill Biden. Sounds like a proliferation of book tour memes just waiting to happen. So there you have it, five of the recent book deals/book releases out of Hollywood as well as two huge book deals out of Washington. Know any that I missed? Let me know in the comments so I can stack that TBR even higher. Save Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

Speech Critique Sermon - 850 Words

Never having been to this church, I was thoroughly impressed with Deacon Bobs sermon. It was obvious he prepared extensively for his performance and it made his message that much more memorable. He explained to us that he was visiting from Trenton, NJ so it was nice to have a different perspective, a fresh take on things. Although you go to church knowing you will be preached to about Jesus and God, it isnt just that. There are life lessons to be learned and they can be applied to everyday life and he did a really good job at teaching us something meaningful through his speech, which isnt easy to do. He used a thesis, posing a question if we truly know what means to be baptized and if we are truly living our lives as disciples†¦show more content†¦He could have improved the speech by cutting those extra ten minutes out and by doing so keeping everyone happy. Also, he could have started directly with his thesis and then gone into the story instead of beginning with the story, which probably did not interest everyone right away. I learned that practice truly does make perfect, Deacon Bob has years and years of experience and it showed in his execution of getting his strong message across. IShow MoreRelatedSermon At The Word Of Faith Christian Church Delivered By Pastor Julius Stephens973 Words   |  4 Pageslistened to a sermon at The Word of Faith Christian Church delivered by Pastor Julius Stephens. It was a regular Tuesday bible study with about eight people. Pastor Stephens s topic for the day was everybody has a purpose. In this paper, I will critique Pastor Stephens s sermon based on its introduction, body, delivery, conclusion and finally my overall reaction to his speech. The reason for the speaker s sermon was to ensure his audience realizes their worth. 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Although those following him were being persecuted and judged, he uses to verse explain that they are the â€Å"ideal christians† and cannot nor should not stay hidden and afraid, but instead stand like a city on a hill. His Sermon says theyRead MoreBook Report on Charles Spurgeons Lectures to My Students Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesSubmitted to: Dr. R. Scott Pace Pastoral Leadership 635 By: Johnny F. Gail (ID# L24543560) Lynchburg, Virginia 07 April 2013 Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....1 Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Critique †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 Evaluation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦7 Summary Lectures to my Students, by C. H. Spurgeon compiles the Presidential addresses and speeches made byRead MoreHuck Finn1257 Words   |  6 Pagesand Fools: Huck Finn and Twains Critique of the Human Race Mark Twain’s famous realist novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a masterpiece of social criticism and analysis. The author skillfully depicts a variety of human failings and foibles, personified in the characters of everyday people and groups. Twain appears to be satirizing and criticizing the old South, but underneath his humorous portrait of Southern social issues, the book is a serious critique of all humanity. With his typicalRead MoreChristian Religious Education : A Book Based Out1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthese two focuses together if helps to bring Christian religious faith to a complete circle. By reading this book and gaining a better understanding of Christian education and what need to happen for the education to be successful I have decided to critique Grace United Methodist Church’s youth education programs, and find out what can and should change to help the youth have a better Christian education. To this it is important to understand the setting of the church. Grace United Methodist is locatedRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr: I Have a Dream Speech Critique Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesI HAVE A DREAM SPEECH CRITIQUE This speech took place on August 28, 1963 millions of citizens, children, law and policy makers attended while 250,000 watched on TV as a Baptist Preacher ,a Boston University Graduate Dr, Martin Luther King stood behind a podium. He established an immediate rapport with an ever changing audience and communicated on a meaningful level, by appealing to moral conscience of Americans standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. 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Is Hiv Safe Sex Practices - 3271 Words

HIV continues to be a disease that causes challenges to community health and health care providers around the world. There are more than 1.1 million people living with HIV in the United States (US0 and approximately 50,000 individuals become infected annually (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Staff [CDC Staff], 2014). HIV infections continue to rise despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapies (ART). This may be because of some individuals engaging in riskier sexual practices. Some claim the reason individuals engage in these risky practices is because of an increased optimism related to current HIV treatments and â€Å"prevention fatigue (Mayer et al., 2004). It is important for health care providers to identify and overcome barriers to discussions with patients related to HIV risk behaviors. Health care providers may find the topic difficutl. Many providers may find it difficult to prioritize discussions related to safer sex practices with patients because of time constraints because routine patient care visits for people living with aides last for approximately 15 to 30 minutes (Mayer et al., 2004). Some providers may feel uncomfortable about discussing HIV risks with patients because they fear the patient may perceive them to be judgmental (Mayer et al., 2004). Other providers may have other issues related to their own sexual orientation. Both heterosexual and homosexual health care providers may feel uncomfortable discussing the topic with patients.Show MoreRelated Safe Sex For the Catholic Student in a Public High School939 Words   |  4 PagesSafe Sex For the Catholic Student in a Public High School The teachings of the Catholic Church regarding sex are unequivocal: Catholics should abstain from sex until marriage and then practice monogamy in marriage until they are separated by death. 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Helen Epstein, who is the author of â€Å"AIDS Inc,† informs her readers about the sexually transmitted disease known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Epstein enlightens her audience with crucial information in regards to the ruthless disease that is devouring the lives of innocent

True Education Free Essays

Rachel Kumler Mr. Friedrich English 12 12 December 2012 Crunch Time for Education True education is knowledge obtained by one and to be able to use and comprehend that information in their everyday life. Education should be a thing in a child’s life that they should look forward to coming to five days a week. We will write a custom essay sample on True Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The fulfillment of learning something new in every single class, every single day should be the reason a kid gets out of bed every morning. Today’s society is very different though, majority of the students dread having to wake up in the morning knowing that they have to sit through school all day. If kids were truly learning something new, they would be happy to be at school. A big problem in today’s education is the way a school day is set up. A typical school day, which is eight hours in length, wastes way too much time on things that are not education-related. For example, four minutes between every class is wasted just for kids to walk to a different classroom, totaling over a half-hour of time that could be used for educational purposes instead. Another example is that the lunch periods are 30 minutes long, when it only takes a majority of the kids between 10-15 minutes to eat, the rest of the time is used socializing. A third and final example of wasted time is study halls. During study halls kids do one of two things; They either sit there the whole 45 minutes goofing of with friends or they do their homework. Homework, work to be done at home, is given to reinforce information that students have learned that day. If kids are doing their homework at school anyway, then the establishment of â€Å"home†-work was not a very judicious thing to create. The time in the length of a school day should be made more valuable. The Bay Village High School has a block schedule set in place for everyday of the week, not just two of the days. It is a known fact that Bay Village tests very well on their state tests. Due to not having as many class changes, and having more time to learn in a period could be the reason they are succeeding. At the Indiana Prison where some inmates were receiving an education through Ball State, the inmates were learning faster and more material than what was being taught at the actual Ball State College. The reasoning behind this is because all they had to do at prison was eat, sleep, go to class, and study. If kids had nothing else to do after school, they would have more time to focus on their studies. To solve the problem of wasted time and not enough focus from students, public schools can make a few changes. First, block scheduling is vital for success. Students should be able to come to school for a few hours, sit in one classroom without leaving or having any distractions such as fire drills, announcements, or being called down to the office. School should not be 8 hours long but only a total of about 4 hours. If a class has the same teacher just teach multiple subjects, a majority of the time wasted can be eliminated because there are no classroom changes or lunch breaks. Another thing is that school sports and clubs should be eliminated right after school so that kids can go home and study or do homework. If kids are sitting through school all day worrying about their basketball practice or how the swim team gets to leave school early for an away meet, it takes the focus off of learning. If school was not so long and a waste of time, kids would not dread coming to school. How to cite True Education, Essay examples

Abnormal Psychology for Diagnostic and Statistical -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAbnormal Psychology for Diagnostic and Statistical. Answer: Demographic Information The demographic information of the subject is as follows- Age- 51years Gender- Male Occupation- works in the San Francisco Police department as a consultant in the homicide cases Marital status- widower Symptoms The behaviors or the symptoms of Derek that is abnormal are his being obsessed with neatness and high levels of orders. Derek has claimed to have a number of phobias that can be confirmed from his assistant who keeps anti-bacterial wipes so that she can help Derek from the fear of germs. The sudden death of his wife made him so emotionally distressed that he retired from work and locked him in his house for three years, which is not at all normal. However, after getting help from the nurses or his assistants when he tried to get back to the world, he came up with much obsessions, compulsions and fear. He was also found being obsessed over the murder case of his wife that he thinks he has failed to solve. He himself reported of having 312 phobias, which greatly affects his personal as well as professional life. In professional field also because of his excessive obsessions, that everything needs to be perfect he faced as lot of issues because he gets anxious at work and are unable to utilize his talents. From few instances, it is clear that Derek behavior is not at all normal. Like burnt out bulb, officers undone zipper was so much of a concern to him that he could not work, which affected her professional life. His excessive determination over being orderly, neat and clean is also not normal. He also thinks balance and symmetry are important factors. However, anything that is in incomplete makes him uneasy. His excessive cleaning habits make him ultra-careful at home to keep everything in order and clean every item. He has specific menus and ways of eating which he does not want to change. Apart from all these, he keeps everything sealed in plastic bags so that he does not have to use items that are used by others. Diagnosis The diagnosis of Derek would be Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The diagnosis criteria of his particular disorder are very much similar to what Derek has been found to encounter. In this type of disorders, the client suffers from either obsession, compulsion or sometimes both (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Dereks case, presence of compulsion has been seen where he shows repetitive behaviors such as ordering, cleaning, and checking the case files of his wife. In such cases, usually the person feels driven to enact in response to obsessions. In this type of cases clients usually behaves in this way so that they can get rid of their anxiety and distress that are arising due to fear from certain situations or events (Milad Rauch, 2012). However, these acts are excessive in comparison to normal individuals and are not connected in a realistic manner. Derek is severely affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder because it is highly affecting his personal, social and occupation al life. Treatment Derek can be treated through common OCD treatments like psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, pharmacological and behavioral treatments. Drugs that are used for treating the depressive disorders or other mental disorders can be useful for OCD patients in their same dozes. However, any standard treatment will be with serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or with clomipramine and then moving towards other strategies of pharmacology if the serotonin-specific drugs are found ineffective (Seibell Hollander, 2014). Many other drugs can also be used if clomipramine and SSRI are not working like valproate, lithium, and carbamazepine and many more (Kaplan, 2016). An effective pharmacotherapy is behavior therapy, which includes the exposure and response prevention. Other therapies are Desensitization, thought stopping, flooding, implosion therapy and aversive conditioning. Along with the behavior therapies, few other therapies are beneficial for patients suffering from OCD, whi ch are family therapy, group therapy, and for extreme cases at time electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgeries are applied. However, both medication and psychotherapy can be prescribed for the client Derek as he has been diagnosed by severe OCD. It can happen that he is responding well in one form of treatment faster than the other treatment (Bandelow et al., 2012). Moreover, it has been seen that long lasting effects in OCD patients are produced by the behavioral therapy. The psychotherapy here mainly pays attention towards two features of the disorder. However, they are resolving the irrational thoughts that are included in the conditions of OCD patients and slowly revealing the sufferers to the objects that are feared or the idea unless they are desensitized to it and can consume the anxiety without engrossing in compulsive acts (Cuijpers et al., 2013). References American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub. Bandelow, B., Sher, L., Bunevicius, R., Hollander, E., Kasper, S., Zohar, J., ... WFSBP Task Force on Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD. (2012). Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessivecompulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care.International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice,16(2), 77-84. Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Koole, S. L., Andersson, G., Beekman, A. T., Reynolds, C. F. (2013). The efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depressive and anxiety disorders: A meta?analysis of direct comparisons.World Psychiatry,12(2), 137-148. Kaplan, B. J. (2016). Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry. Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry.Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie,58(1), 78-79. Milad, M. R., Rauch, S. L. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways.Trends in cognitive sciences,16(1), 43-51. Seibell, P. J., Hollander, E. (2014). Management of obsessive-compulsive disorder.F1000prime reports,6.

Women Equal to Men

Free Essays on Rome

We find them in the big cities of the world and in the most remote jungles; they cross the deserts of Africa and cruise to see the penguins along the polar ice caps; they climb the Himalaya Mountains and dive deep into the coral seas of tropical oceans. Tourists are everywhere these days - easily recognizable by their cameras and recorders, their leisure-time outfits, and their unquenchable desire to get away from home and experience life with in a whole new way. Tourism has become the biggest industry in the world. It offers jobs for 200 million people and contributes 11.7 per cent to global Gross National Product. Almost 700 million tourist arrivals are expected for this year in Rome, and this number is estimated to grow to 1.5 billion by the year 2020. (www.travelaroundrome.com) BREIF HISTORY OF ROME Rome, the capital of Italy, covers an area of 1,290 Km ² and is located in the region of Lazio, on the west coast of the North-South centre of the country. The metropolitan area of Rome, instituted by law 142/90 covers 5,352 km ² and 3,981,000 inhabitants www.progress-project.com). Rome's main activities, as country capital, are in the administrative, political and service sectors. Also the tourist sector, including transport, hotels and others, is an important asset of the City entrances: these economic activities are generally concentrated in the geometric centre of Rome, especially in the historic part. Situated on the River Tiber, between the Apennine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea, the 'Eternal City' of Rome (Roma) was once the administrative centre of the mighty Roman Empire, governing a vast region that stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia. Today, it remains the seat of the Italian government and home to numerous ministerial offices, but is superseded by Milan, in the industrial north, for business and finance. The legendary beginnings of Rome are related in the tale of Romulus and Remus. Princess Rhea Silvia, ravished ... Free Essays on Rome Free Essays on Rome We find them in the big cities of the world and in the most remote jungles; they cross the deserts of Africa and cruise to see the penguins along the polar ice caps; they climb the Himalaya Mountains and dive deep into the coral seas of tropical oceans. Tourists are everywhere these days - easily recognizable by their cameras and recorders, their leisure-time outfits, and their unquenchable desire to get away from home and experience life with in a whole new way. Tourism has become the biggest industry in the world. It offers jobs for 200 million people and contributes 11.7 per cent to global Gross National Product. Almost 700 million tourist arrivals are expected for this year in Rome, and this number is estimated to grow to 1.5 billion by the year 2020. (www.travelaroundrome.com) BREIF HISTORY OF ROME Rome, the capital of Italy, covers an area of 1,290 Km ² and is located in the region of Lazio, on the west coast of the North-South centre of the country. The metropolitan area of Rome, instituted by law 142/90 covers 5,352 km ² and 3,981,000 inhabitants www.progress-project.com). Rome's main activities, as country capital, are in the administrative, political and service sectors. Also the tourist sector, including transport, hotels and others, is an important asset of the City entrances: these economic activities are generally concentrated in the geometric centre of Rome, especially in the historic part. Situated on the River Tiber, between the Apennine Mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea, the 'Eternal City' of Rome (Roma) was once the administrative centre of the mighty Roman Empire, governing a vast region that stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia. Today, it remains the seat of the Italian government and home to numerous ministerial offices, but is superseded by Milan, in the industrial north, for business and finance. The legendary beginnings of Rome are related in the tale of Romulus and Remus. Princess Rhea Silvia, ravished ... Free Essays on Rome Multiple scholars have contended that the primary reason for Rome's decline and eventual fall was the receding of the great Empire's economic might, and the social repercussions that accompanied it On the surface, this may seem quite simple, but in actuality, this phenomenon affected nearly every aspect of Roman life, from the decline of the population to the lack of maintenance of infrastructure. One of the primary catalysts to the deterioration of the economy was the lack of circulating currency in the Western Empire. Two reasons for the lack of funds are wholesale hoarding of bullion by Roman citizens, and the widespread looting of the Roman treasury by the "barbarians". These two factors, coupled with the massive trade deficit with Eastern Regions of the Empire served to stifle the growth of wealth in the west. This would have far reaching ramifications that permiate the very fabric of Roman society, as we shall soon discuss. Ellsworth Huntington has proposed a unique hypothesis relating the changing rainfall patterns and climate in the Mediterranean with the economic problems encountered by the western empire. He basically writes that, as the climate became more unstable, it began to alternate annually between hot droughts and cold rainy seasons. This, for obvious reasons, would decrease crop yields, and would force the Romans to undergo widespread irrigation projects on land which had formerly been self-sufficient. The huge quantities of water needed for this project had to be contained in large reservoirs, and the standing water became stagnant. Stagnant water is the ideal environment for breeding mosquitos, the carriers of malaria. Malaria began manifesting itself at epidemic levels, weakening and killing a large percentage of the population. The fluctuation in temperature and climate also had more direct effects on the populus. Huntington believed that humans operate most effectively when their environment is at a stable ...

Special Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Special Education - Essay Example Tenet #1: Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) The opinion within P.L. 94-142 ensures to provide free education to all citizens with disabilities in an appropriate educational setting. The tenet in this regard, interprets to provide education in a separate setting including special classes, floors and all-inclusive care facilities within the schools (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). Tenet #2: Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) The opinion of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) in the P.L. 94-142 clearly interprets that the students with disabilities should be delivered with special education along with t additional support to develop their physical, mental and behavioral growth (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). Tenet #3: Due Process The notion of due processes interprets the serving procedures of the educators such as checking and balancing the care facilities of the institutions with the families of the students with disabilities (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). Tenet #4: Parent al Participation The participation of parents within the special education setting is also an important tenet that ensures to invite and inform them regarding the educational support rendered by the institutions (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). ... Program (IEP) tends to document specific disability of each individual student accompanied by their required educational support and needs (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). Thus, the above discussed tenets are certain ways through which teachers can support all students in their classes having any sort of disability or not. Chapter #8 Serving Children With Severe And Chronic Disabilities Often Magnifies The Conflicts Between Parents And Providers (Schools And Other Service Providers). What Can Be Learned From Reading The Author's Perspective, Which Helps Better Understand How These Conflicts Work In Actual Situations? Although the participation of parents in special education system delivers adequate support to increase the efficiency of the education facility, it also brings challenges while enhancing the physical, psychological and behavioral nature of the students with disabilities. Therefore, it can be learned from the author’s perspective that the involvement of the parents and the families of the students with severe and chronic disabilities convey various challenges for the educators to improve students’ state of mind (Strax, Strax, & Cooper, 2012). According to the author, the participation of the parents or families of the students bearing severe or chronic disabilities creates barrier for the educators to enhance the efficiency of their educational settings. In this regard, it can be learned that the students with severe or chronic disabilities require special care setting which might not be agreed or accepted by the parents resulting in limiting the time flexibility of the educators by a certain degree. Moreover, the participation of the parents of the students with severe disability often generates conflicts between the families and the care givers

John C. Calhoun 1782- 1850 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John C. Calhoun 1782- 1850 - Research Paper Example The Political Life of John Calhoun and his Pro-Slavery Stance John Caldwell Calhoun was in American politics for 40 years. Wilson, in the introduction to Coit (1977, page vii, ) tells reader how ,together with Daniel Webster and Henry Clay , he made up the Great Triumvirate which was such a strong force in American politics for his whole career. Henry Clay was seen by President Andrew Jackson as being politically untrustworthy. He thought of him as being opportunistic and over - ambitious , even self-serving. Jackson would beat Clay to the presidency 1832. Jackson also established a political rivalry with a second member of the Triumvirate, his chosen Vice-President, John C. Calhoun, and eventually leading to the vice-president’s resignation. His antagonism to Calhoun was not based upon purely political rivalry. According to ‘The Age of Jackson , ( 2013) Jackson's animosity feelings were exacerbated by the Mrs. Calhoun's treatment socially of the wife of John Eaton, Secr etary of War in Jackson’s cabinet.. As well as being a leading politician Calhoun was also very much part of the life of the southern American states, a society which was at that time based economically and socially upon slavery. Rehuse ( 2002) describes slavery as defining â€Å" Southern social, political, and cultural life.† Calhoun’s ideas on the topic of slavery had two main aspects . Firstly he felt that the political rights of the minority southern states required special protection within the federal union. The second part of his argument, a topic on which he frequently expounded his views, was the now highly controversial argument that presented slavery as being an institution that benefited everyone involved – both black and white. He seem s to have honestly believed that black people were better off as slaves in America than when living free in Africa. Although he was never elected as President his career as a politician distinguished Calhoun a s a revered statesman in his day. On the other hand some saw him as its greatest villain (Wilson in Coit, 1977, page viii). Born in Virginia as the third son in his family, he was raised in South Carolina, as the son of a farmer and Indian fighter, his father having emigrated from Ireland. Calhoun was brought up as a Calvinist, which suited his tendency to have a rather bleak view of mankind (Ulbrich, 2013). He felt that life was a continuous fight against evil forces ( Coit, 1977, page 2,) He would later become a Unitarian and a graduate of Yale University. After training as a lawyer, he was admitted to the bar in 1808. He worked for a short time as both lawyer and as a farmer, and he was elected as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1808 ( University of Virginia, 2013). Calhoun had grown up during a time of great expansion in the cotton trade, an industry based upon slave labor. He was elected to Congress, and served both in the House and Senate. He was a s upporter of President James Madison's attempts to declare war on Britain in 1812, having advocated this as early as 1807 ( Bio True Story, 2013) . He also served as a member of the cabinet, under President James Monroe. He served as secretary of war from 1817 to 1825, covering the whole time that Monroe held the presidency. It was a task he seems to have carried out with great success, Rehuse ( 2002) quotes a federal officer as having said of him

Computerized Cognitive and Psychomotor Battery

Computerized Cognitive and Psychomotor Battery The primary goal of this study was to develop and validate the computerized cognitive and psychomotor battery for the sharp shooters. In order to construct the test, task analysis were carried out. For the experts in the field of psychology, experienced shooters and coaches were interviewed in the army marksmanship training center. Based on that skills and abilities required for the shooters were identified. In order to quantify those skills eight tests were identified i.e. Reasoning, visualization, shifting of attention, simple reaction time, complex reaction time, sustained attention, Eye- Hand Co-ordination and mental stamina (to with stand the match pressure). Initially the test protocols and requirement were developed and those were discussed with the software experts. The software professionals prepared the test software by using OPENGL and MYSQL software packages. After computerized the battery, validation process were started. In order to establish the psychometric properties , the study has carried out in two phase. In the first part of the research was focused on the validation of cognitive and psychomotor battery and in the second part validation of self reported mental toughness scale. In order to establish the psychometric properties of perceptual and motor battery around 650 samples were collected from shooters in IMA and Army Marksmanship unit. To establish the reliability, test retest method employed to investigate the temporal stability, for this 45 shooters were collected from Army marksmanship Unit (8 months’ time interval) (Mean age 24.2 SD 3.8 Average year of experience in shooting 3.5) .Overall the correlation was moderate, the lowest value was obtained in simple reaction time (See table No).For rests of the scales temporal consistency was moderate level. Apart from that pair sample t tests used to check the consistency of the score in the two levels. There was no significant difference between the mean test and retest scores mean scores. This findings supports the test battery is maintaining adequate temporal consistency. To study the factorial validity, exploratory factor analysis was carried out. Findings shows that three factor were emerged and it explains 60.2 %. In factor I reasoning and perceptual style test is loaded (), Factor II Vigilance, Eye hand Coordination and shifting of attention is loaded and in Factor 3 simple and choice reaction time is loaded (). The tests loaded on factor I, it measures logical reasoning and decision making of an indivual, and both the tests are non verbal matrix test, which may be the cause of loading both the test in Factor I.In the second factor, Sustained attention Shifting of attention and Eye hand Coordination are loaded, theoretically it was not expected the psychomotor test shared common variance with the test that measures attention and concentration. In the Eye hand coordination test subject has to focus and move the ball with the help of the Joystick, and to perform the task the subject is not only required psychomotor skills but the subject has to conc entrate and focused the task, which may be the cause of loading this test in Factor II.In the Factor III, the tests measures the psychomotor skills (simple and Choice reaction time) are loaded. To cross validate the latent structure emerged in the exploratory analysis, a separate confirmatory factor analysis were carried. Two competing models were developed but the results shows that the three dimensional oblique model is adequately fitting the data. After factorial validity, to establish the predictive validity of cognitive and psychomotor battery, separate set of data were collected from the participants of talent shooting competition and shooters performance appraisal data from the training institute. And to establish the validity, t-test and discriminant analysis were carried out to predict how far the battery is predicting the performance of the shooters. In the talent shooting competition around 415 IMA cadets were participated in the shooting competition, in this only 397 cadets were under gone cognitive and psychomotor battery. After competition only 17 cadets were recommended for shooter sport. Results of the analysis reveals shows that there is a significant difference between the recommended and non recommended shooters in cognitive and psychomotor skills. Particularly reasoning ability, spatial visualization, handy steadiness, reaction time and sustained attention of recommended shooters (N=17) significantly different from than the below non recommended shooters and this indicated that they are better in cognitive and psychomotor abilities (except divided attention) than non-recommended shooters. To further validate the battery, performance appraisal reports were received. Trainer and coaches assessed the shooters, based on the performance in the national and international competitions, based on those shooters were rated as below average and above average shooters. Data were collected from 50 experienced shooters; finally 36 pistol shooters (mean age 23.1 and SD 3.25) reports were received for validation, in these 11 shooters were rated as below average and 25 shooters as above average shooters. Results shows that above average shooters are better in sustained attention and handsteadyness. In the discriminant analysis, both the variables explain 25.4% of the variation in the dependent variable and it correctly classify 75 % of respondents into ‘Above average’ or ‘below average shooters. Overall predictive accuracy of the discriminant function is called the ‘hit ratio’. Non Recommended shooters were classified with slightly better accuracy (76%) than recommended shooters (72.7 %). Overall the cognitive and Psychomotor test are significantly predicting the performance of the shooters. Particularly in the novice shooters, parameters related to perceptual style, choice reaction time and handsteadyness play a major factor for predicting the performance. These parameters (except handsteadyness) are measuring the constructs related to logical reasoning and decision making. It may be due the participants are not skilled shooters they are novice, while shooting they required more cognitive resources, because they are in the learning phase. But in the skilled shooters (experienced shooters) sustained attention and Eye hand coordination is significantly predicting performance. Basically these constructs are measuring the alertness and psychomotor coordination, this may be due to the shooters are experienced and they are in the automatic phase, so they are not required much cognitive resources to perform the task. Findings of this study partially support the Ackermanâ₠¬â„¢s theory of skill development. According to Ackerman’s (1988) theory of skill development predicts differential relations of cognitive and psychomotor to different phases of skill development. When participants are learning the task, cognitive variables should have a higher impact on performance than psychomotor variables, with the opposite relation when participants are in the practice phase. Further to explore is there any difference between the different categories of shooters in cognitive and psychomotor abilities. For this, test were administered to slow and rapid shooters, in this category particularly trap and skeet shooters has to hit the fast moving target in the different direction, for this task, the shooter has to be extra cautious, proper Psychomotor coordination and quick reaction time is required, but the findings of the study shows that the rapid shooters mean score of shifting of attention, handsteadyness and reaction time is slightly better than the slow shooters, but it’s not statistically significant. As a part of this research ,to explore how training and experience in shooting competition improves on perceptual and motor skills, in order to answer this question , newly inducted (less than five years ) and experienced shooters (more than five years ) were identified and administered the psychomotor battery. Results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the groups in the cognitive and psychomotor abilities. It revealed that training, exposure and experience in shooting are not improved much in cognitive and psychomotor skills. From this we can infer that, if the skills are not improved much in training and experience, better it can be identified in the induction level to make successful shooters, but further in-depth longitudinal study has to be carried out to support this finding. Overall the validation study reveals that cognitive and psychomotor skills are significantly contributing for shooting performance. Apart from the cognitive Psycho-motor abilities, emotional component plays a vital role in shooting sports performance. He/she may be technically competent and innate aptitude for shooting but if he is not able to control the emotion and with stand the match pressure, he/she will lose the game. The next part of the research is focused on the construct of mental toughness. Although mental toughness is a broad term that has been associated with a variety of mental skills, little has been done to quantify mental toughness for research and assessment purposes. The current study is conceptually based on the available literature and previous concepts believed to be related to mental toughness. The next part describes the method used to establish a mental toughness questionnaire The second part of the research focused on development and validation of Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ), for that available literature and concepts to be related to mental toughness were explored, based on that initially 120 items were generated, subsequently which were reduced to 100 items based on expert opinion. Consequently, the same was subjected to items analysis (item total correlation and factor loading) and it finally reduced to 40 items. Further to explore whether the mental toughness scale is uni-dimensional or multidimensional in nature, and to study the latent structure of the questionnaire, principal component factor analysis was employed. In the factor analysis, three factors were emerged and it’s explained 45.4 % of variance and it termed as self confident, self control and resilience and to cross validate the latent structural model, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out ,which rejected the alternative models ( uni-dimensional three dimensional orthogonal and second order factor model) and supported the three dimensional oblique model. In order to establish the reliability of the tool, Test retest reliability (r = 0.635) and internal consistency reliability (r = 0.912) was established. Apart from the face and content validity and to establish criterion validity, concurrent, construct and predictive validity were identified. In the concurrent validity the mental toughness tool is significantly correlated (0.683**) with the existing mental toughness scale and to establish the construct validity both convergent and divergent validity were established. In the convergent validity it is related with the theoretically relevant constructs (i.e. Resilience, Hardiness, neuroticism and positive Negative affectivity) and for divergent validity it’s not correlated with the theoretically irrelevant constructs. Further to identify how far the mental toughness scale is predicting the efficiency of the shooters performance. For this predictive validity is established with the following criteria’s i.e. Expert Novice shooters, shooting score in the competition and successful unsuccessful shooters in the competition. In order to establish the predictive validity, the tests were administered to the expert and novice shooters. Finding shows that mean mental toughness score for expert shooters (M = 174 SD =?) was significantly different from Novice shooters (M=162, SD=.54) and indicated that Expert shooters being more mentally tough than Novice (t = -5.666, df = 279.4p Apart from that, further analysis carried out to identify how far the mental toughness scale is predicting the shooting performance, for that the MTs score has correlated with the shooting score. Findings show that both the variables are significantly positively correlated and in the stepwise regression, mental toughness factor I (Self confident) explains 4.6% variance in shooting score. Martin and Gill (1991) found self-confidence to be significantly and positively related to distance running performance, but found no significant relationship between cognitive anxiety and running performance. Similarly Hardy (1996b) and Parfitt and Pates (1999) found that self-confidence accounted for a significant proportion of performance variance over and above that accounted for by cognitive anxiety Analyses of variance revealed that mean mental toughness score of Successful shooters (Medal recipient) is significantly higher than the average and below average performers. In order to see whether is there any influence of age, gender and experience of shooter is related with mental toughness. Adams Nicholls et.al. (2009) reported that there is a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age and sporting experience. According to age, evidence from developmental sports psychology research found young and old adults differ in their self perception social influence motivation and self regulation with regard to sports participation (Weiss 2004).Therefore the role of development factors such as age could influence the mental toughness. Findings of the results showed that there is a significant relationship with age and mental toughness (0.243*). In particular, it appears that when people get older they improve in overall mental toughness, and more specifically in their levels of commitment, emotional control and life control. These findings have significant implications for the development of mental toughness. Clough et al. (2002) have suggested that mental toughness is a trait-like personality characteristic, and Golby and Sheard (2004) have suggested genetic links. But, our findings suggest that life experience may well be an important factor in determining mental toughness levels. In respect of competitive experience, Connaughton Waedey, Hanton and Jones (2008) reported that competitive experience was a crucial factor in the development of mental toughness among athletes. The result of the study shows that there is no significant relation between the shooting experience and mental toughness. It reveals that the training imparted for the shooters and the experience they gained from the shooting exposer is not significantly improved the mental toughness. Age and years of experience are of course closely related variables (r = .79 in this study). Therefore learning experiences and/or biological changes might be responsible for the small changes in the attributes underlying mental toughness. In order to further study whether the shooting experience is improving the mental toughness or not ,a small longttitunel study was conducted to check whether is there any changes in mental toughness after induction in to training and the participation in national and internati onal events. Around 20 participants samples were selected and administer the test during the Young blood competition, in these only 11 participants were selected and inducted for training in Army marksmanship unit. After that participants undergone training and participated competitions, one year after again the MTS data collected from the same candidates to check there is any improvement in MT’s, findings revealed the mean mental toughness score is improved slightly after undergone training and participation in competitions but it’s not statistically significant. Further exploratory analyses examined the relationship between gender and mental toughness. But the result of the study shows that, no gender differences were found on the scale, but previous studies (Nicholls et al., 2009; Findlay Bowker, 2009) suggest that males would have higher mental toughness than females. Social desirability is the tendency for individuals to portray themselves in generally favorable light. Edwards (1957) defined the construct as a tendency to provide socially desirable responses to statements in self-description. Marlowe Crowne (1960) defined it as a tendency to give culturally sanctioned and approved responses. Jackson (1984) saw it as a tendency to describe oneself in terms judged as desirable and to present oneself favorably. These definitions indicate a style of responding that is separate from the specific personality content dimension to be measured by a psychological test. A potential problem for a self-report personality scale is whether an elevated score represents a high score on the test’s content dimension or a tendency to present oneself favorably. Various methods exist for coping with social desirability in self-report inventories. First, a forced-choice format could be used for the test. Response options for any test item would then be matched for social desirability. Second, test items could be selected for a scale based on those items being more strongly representative of the psychological construct of interest than social desirability. Third, test instructions could be tailored to reduce the likelihood that test takers will respond in terms of social desirability. Fourth, social desirability could be statistically removed from the score generated on the test. Fifth, the questionnaires under investigation are correlated with a Social Desirability Scale and consequently demonstrating that the questionnaires under investigation do not correlate with the social desirability scale or if they do, that the correlations of these questionnaires with other variables of interest are not significantly attenuated when scores from Social Desirability Scale are partialled out ( Mummendey, 1981). To identify the social desirability of this tool the 40 items of the newly constructed Mental toughness scale was administered with the Soci al Desirability Scale – 17 (Strà ¶ber, 1991) on a sample of 281. The Social Desirability Scale – 17 was developed because some items the Marlowe-Crowne Scale was found to be inapplicable to the present day. The scale has high reliability (ÃŽ ± = .80). It shows a convergent correlation of r = .68 with the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. The correlation between the two test was found to be statistically significant (r = -.001). Finally, the MTS score was positively correlated(r=0.29, p>.001) with the SDS-17 Score. However its magnitude was relatively small with social desirability accounted for only 7.5% of scale variance. This finding suggests that mental toughness assessment and training may prove valuable in enhancing performance and retention of the shooters

How Does Sir Arthur Conan Doyle create atmosphere in chapter 6? Essay

In â€Å"the Hound of the Baskervilles†, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle describes the atmosphere in depth frequently; usually the atmosphere reflects the mood of the chapter. Also he cleverly uses the atmosphere to show a comparison between good and evil, for example in chapter 6, between the Devonshire Moors and Baskerville Hall. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle introduces atmosphere in key events throughout the book, this is used to provide suspense and set the tone. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses comparisons such as the lush countryside as opposed the gloomy moor to create an atmosphere and set the scene. As Sherlock Holmes, Dr Mortimer and Dr Watson travel through the county on the train the author describes the immediate changes. â€Å"Brown earth had become ruddy†, this is used to show how the earth had become fresher and red. This also shows that the Devonshire countryside is a good/safe place. â€Å"Lush grasses†¦ luxuriant vegetation† is used to describe the richness and the quality of the Devonshire land. It also creates an image that Devonshire is safe as shows no evil, unlike Baskerville Hall. â€Å"Lush† and â€Å"luxuriant† are very descriptive words, and show the reader that everything is all right and creates a good, calm atmosphere. As the reader can compare â€Å"lush grasses† to summer green fields, this sets a homely atmosphere. Young Baskerville shows the reader that the countryside is easy on the eyes, as it states, â€Å"Young Baskerville stared eagerly†, and gives the impression that he is ecstatic to be there. â€Å"Stared† shows he is admiring the scenery while â€Å"eagerly† puts emphasis on how he wants to see more and is keen to take everything in of the Devonshire countryside. As they travel through and beyond the countryside the mood of the passengers begin to change as Young Baskerville starts explaining â€Å"his fathers death†, this sets a depressive mood/atmosphere which is later matched up with the outside scenery. â€Å"His father† sets a chilling mood, as the readers know that his father carried a curse, also â€Å"death† sets a depressing mood and reminds everyone of the case and takes them away from the lush countryside. â€Å"Green squares. †¦ Distance a grey† this is a major comparison between the countryside and moor. The countryside is green and safe while the moor is grey and evil. The introduction of â€Å"Melancholy Hill† sets an atmosphere, as melancholy shows a depressive and a gloomy state of mind. This shows the atmosphere and mood for the moor, which is opposite to the lush green one of the countryside. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses the word ‘melancholy’ to describe the hill not direct to the atmosphere; this is used throughout the book to let the reader decide upon the atmosphere. â€Å"Strange jagged summit† is used to demonstrate that the moor in itself is strange but â€Å"jagged summit† shows a weird unclear thing possibly hostile and uninviting. This â€Å"jagged summit† may represent the hound, as we are unclear of the truth or it could represent a strange unnerving atmosphere on the moor. As they travel through the moor they spot a man with a â€Å"dark and expressive face†, dark shows an element of evil, as a dark atmosphere is often seen as a negative evil one. â€Å"Expressive face† shows the feeling that the man is in, and as it is linked with dark it shows an angry, depressing face which links to the Melancholy Hill.

News article analysis Organizational theory

The article by Dr. Kathy Iversen- a business consultant- provides a lot of insight into practical application of organizational theories in management. The article features Starbucks an American based company coffeehouse company which has over 15,000 chain stores in more than 40 countries. The article focuses on Starbucks rehiring of former CEO after a downward trend due to what he terms as â€Å"†¦myopic focus on operational effectiveness led by new, post-founder management began to negatively impact the customer experience.† (Iversen, 2008,  ¶3). The author compares Starbucks fate with Apple, Swarbs and Dell transformation after the later companies effectively applied tools and systems in the organization that boosted innovation and profitability. The following are three fundamental issues focused in the report in relation to implementation of a good and effective organizational structure that could transform Starbuck’s trend to a profitable path. The organizational structure should apply systems and models that are dynamic thus are able to change with the corporate world for the business to remain profitable. A good organizational model should have effective channel of communication, feedback mechanism and facilitate good response and decision making process. The organizational culture and work environment models should facilitate optimal performance by ensuring that employee capabilities are properly utilized and encourage responsibility and innovation in the workplace. Dynamism in the corporate world. The corporate sector in modern times is subject to perpetual change therefore, organizational models adopted should accommodate this change in their organization by putting in place relevant tools to prepare it for this eventuality. External environment analysis focusing on customer, competitors changing trends and adoption of new marketing strategies are vital to ensure that the company remains relevant thus profitable. The author gives an example of Apple which changed to music enjoyment instead of computing to recapture its market and future profitability (Iversen, 2008). This shows how effective a good which focuses on investing in new fields can help a company reinvent itself into profitability path. Bureaucratic organizational model tend to focus on cost cutting rather than adoption to the innovation, for a company such as Starbucks given its level of maturity, implementing models that focus on new ideas would be the most appropriate in a move to reclaim its lost glory (Daft, 2001 pg. 107) Effective communication in Organizational Models. Effective communication is one of the most important elements in establishing an organizational model. There are two main distinction namely formal communications which is utilized in big established diverse companies and informal communication channels which lead to open interactive dialogue both horizontally and vertically in the organization. The advantages of the later is that it will help facilitate free flow of information thus for analysis of the market, an element which is essential for most businesses. In addition informal means of communication works best in volatile and uncertain environments such as the one which Starbuck’s is facing thus if correctly implemented can lead to quick response and decision making (Daft, 2001, pg.14). Organizational culture. According to Daft (2001, pg 30) scholars have pointed out that corporate culture and sound internal processes are key elements in good organizational models to the extent that they promote effective running of the organization. A fluid and flexible structure will encourage constant experimenting and learning thus ensuring better policies, procedures are adopted to ensure dynamism and innovation in the organization. For instance, given the fact that Starbucks is a service oriented company, employee training and empowerment can lead to certain beneficial attributes such as, smoothing the progress of change since they directly interact with the customer thus can be able to get the information needed by management to effect change and enhanced customer relation and satisfaction thus building of clientele and profitability (Iversen, 2008). Conclusion. Though, the author did not explore on the organizational approach and design, the best design proposed in this paper would be a decentralized approach with emphasis on organic systems of organization as opposed to mechanistic/ bureaucratic approach. Firstly, given that Starbucks is a multi national company with coffee houses all over the world. A centralized system will fundamentally inhibit flexibility and restrict decision making process and timely response to customer needs. On the other hand a decentralized approach will encourage each store to make decision based on customer needs, create diversity and promote dynamism and innovation factors that are vital for profitability. However, this approach might lead to loss of control and direction by top management thus leadership skills are essential to ensure that while chains are flexible, the company’s vision, brand name and direction is uniform to ensure sustainability and balanced growth. Secondly, good organic structures ensure that communication is free-flowing, employees are empowered and well motivated and generally the internal processes lead to optimal production hence growth (Daft, 2001, pg 64). There should be both formal and informal channels of communication that are strong and consistent to ensure that management is in control and allow timely information flow in the organization. REFERENCES: Daft, R. (2001) Essentials of Organization Theory and Design. South-Western. Iversen, K. (January, 15th 2008). Brewing a fresh pot at Starbucks. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved March 11th 2008 from http://www.forbes.com/personalfinance/2008/01/15/starbucks-schultz-apple-pf-ii-in_ki_0115soapbox_inl.html   

Essay about The Illegal Body Parts Trade - 2539 Words

The Illegal Body Parts Trade With a world wide shortage of organs, the black market organ and tissue trade has grown out of control due to the rising demand from the sick and dying. This shortage of organs is fueling an illicit business of buying and selling all sorts of organs and tissues, often through involuntary donation. While it would be nice to have an ample supply of organs and tissues for sick people that desperately need them, the black market organ and tissue trade needs more enforcement in order to cease the profiteering of immoral and unethical transplanting of organs from human to human. The number of people requiring a life-saving transplant continues to rise faster than the number of available donors. In the United†¦show more content†¦Others donate simply because they can. The act of voluntary donation can be done while alive or after deceased, although donors who are still alive are limited as to what can be donated. For instance, someone can donate a kidne y or part of their liver while they’re still alive, but it would be hard to survive having donated a heart. If more people would voluntarily donate their body parts without jeopardizing their health, the world wide organ shortage would be drastically reduced. It would also help if more people agreed to donate after death. The donation of whole cadavers is the most beneficial. Just one cadaver can yield over a dozen transplantable organs and tissues (Shanteau). The illegal sale of organs and tissues from the dead is a substantial area of supply for the black market body parts trade. The fact that a whole cadaver can be dissected and sold for parts for over $200,000 makes the practice all too appealing for some, no matter the risk (Carreon). The horror stories of doctors, funeral homes, prisons, and organized crime outfits essentially stealing organs have been documented. Even in the United States this has happened. 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